Increasing Student Outcomes
through Effective Feedback
Feedback provides information to students and teachers about learning. It helps to reduce the gap between the student’s current level of understanding and/or performance and a desired goal. Depending on the nature and delivery of the feedback, it can have powerful positive effects on student learning and engagement (Hattie & Timperley, 2007).
Descriptive feedback is the most powerful tool for improving student learning.
~Black, Harrison, Lee, Marshall, & Wiliam (2003)
Feedback must meet four criteria: It must be timely, specific, understandable to the receiver, and formed to allow for self-adjustment on the student's part.
~ Wiggins (1998)
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References and Resources:
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References
Black, P., Harrison, C., Lee, C., Marshall, B., & Wiliam, D. (2003). Assessment for learning: Putting it into practice. New York, NY: Open Learning Press.
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research. 77(1), 81-112.
Wiggins, G. (1998). Educative assessment: Designing assessments to inform and improve student performance. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Black, P., Harrison, C., Lee, C., Marshall, B., & Wiliam, D. (2003). Assessment for learning: Putting it into practice. New York, NY: Open Learning Press.
Hattie, J., & Timperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of Educational Research. 77(1), 81-112.
Wiggins, G. (1998). Educative assessment: Designing assessments to inform and improve student performance. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.